In honor of the fallen victims

Only hours after the ceasefire between the United States (US) and Iran was declared on 8 April 2026, Israel initiated one of its largest military offensives in Lebanon since the armed conflict with Hezbollah began on 2 March 2026. The operation, code-named “Operation Eternal Darkness,” caused immense civilian casualties and represented a sharp escalation in both scope and intensity, with more than 100 strikes carried out within roughly 10 minutes across Beirut, the Bekaa Valley, and southern Lebanon.

In light of this alarming development, along with a series of other violations since early March, paying tribute to the victims that have fallen in a war they neither chose nor had a say in becomes crucial, as their tragic deaths cannot be overlooked. Therefore, The Beiruter reached out to some of the victims’ families, relevant authorities, and human rights organizations to gain sincere testimonies as well as valuable insights into the unfolding crisis.

Official figures and emergency response priorities

According to the statement that the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) provided to The Beiruter, the human toll from Wednesday’s Israeli attacks has risen sharply. It stated that

203 people were confirmed dead and more than 1,000 were injured.

The figures underscore the scale of the devastation and the immense strain placed on the country’s already fragile healthcare system.

In its statement, the Ministry stressed that the immediate priority is the continuation of emergency response operations. Efforts remain focused on rescuing individuals still trapped beneath the rubble while ensuring that the injured receive urgent medical care. Authorities are coordinating the transfer of victims across hospitals, distributing cases based on the severity of injuries to maximize the efficiency of treatment and avoid overwhelming specific facilities.

The Ministry also issued a public appeal, urging citizens to limit movement, particularly in densely affected areas of Beirut. It stressed that

Reducing congestion is critical to enabling ambulances, rescue teams, and emergency personnel to operate without obstruction during this critical phase.

This reflects both the gravity of the situation and the urgent need for coordinated national response efforts in the face of a rapidly unfolding humanitarian crisis.

Hospitals overwhelmed: scenes reminiscent of “pager” explosions

In the aftermath of the coordinated airstrikes, hospitals across Beirut and beyond were pushed to the brink, echoing scenes not witnessed since the deadly “pager” explosions and the early days of the expanded war. The sudden influx of casualties transformed emergency wards into chaotic spaces where grief, urgency, and uncertainty collided. Indeed, various Lebanese rushed between medical centers and flooded hospital entrances in search of missing relatives.

According to Lebanese Civil Defense, the scale of casualties was staggering, with hundreds killed and more than a thousand wounded across multiple regions, reflecting the widespread impact of the strikes. Moreover, the head of the Beirut Doctors Syndicate, Elias Shalala, appealed to all doctors, each within their specialty, to head to hospitals to provide assistance, in order to perform their medical and humanitarian duties.

Amid the devastation, a parallel scene of solidarity emerged. Blood banks filled with volunteers, many with no personal ties to the victims, responding to urgent calls for donations. This collective response stood in stark contrast to the violence outside, highlighting a society grappling with tragedy yet united in its determination to save lives.

Gabriel Moawwad’s testimony and a call for accountability

In a deeply emotional interview with The Beiruter, Gabriel Moawwad, the son of Pierre Moawwad (head of the Yahchouch center of the Lebanese Forces party) and Flavia Moawwad who were killed in an Israeli airstrike targeting a residential apartment in the Ain Saadeh Hills, recounted the devastating loss of his family, describing them as “victims of the war” caught in circumstances beyond their control. Struggling to comprehend the tragedy, he stressed that

I do not know how it happened or who decided it. But my family did not decide.

His grief quickly turned into a broader critique of systemic failure, pointing to weak security structures, poor oversight, and the absence of effective state authority across parts of Lebanon.

Moawwad underscored the consequences of this vacuum, where communities are often left to fend for themselves. He described how, in the absence of state intervention, local residents are forced into roles of protection; responsibilities that should fall under official institutions.

Beyond mourning, his testimony carried a clear message. He called for the state to assume its responsibilities and ensure security. Failing that, he urged transparency, so citizens can take informed steps to protect themselves.

The state must take action, and there must be security in the area. And if the state is not able to handle this matter, they should inform us, so that we may act accordingly.

His words reflect both personal sorrow and a growing national demand for responsibility, transparency, and accountability.

Documented violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL)

In its legal assessment of the conflict to The Beiruter, Amnesty International – Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa identified a sustained pattern of violations by both Israel and Hezbollah not only from March 2026, but even during the previous armed conflict (2023-2024).

The organization pointed to repeated Israeli breaches of core principles of IHL, particularly distinction, proportionality, and the prohibition of indiscriminate attacks.

Israel has an appalling track record of carrying out unlawful attacks in Lebanon and displaying a callous disregard for civilian life, fueled by the impunity Israeli officials feel they enjoy.

Israeli airstrikes on densely populated civilian areas, including in Beirut, have resulted in significant civilian casualties, raising concerns about the failure to adequately distinguish between military targets and protected persons.

The organization also highlighted the widespread issuance of mass evacuation orders, often covering entire regions. Amnesty International stated that

These warnings do not meet the threshold of ‘effective warnings’ under IHL nor do they relieve Israel of its obligations to protect civilians and take all feasible precautions to minimize harm.

These measures, combined with large-scale destruction of civilian property and infrastructure, may constitute unlawful forcible displacement. The targeting or endangerment of dozens of healthcare workers and facilities further compounds these violations, as medical personnel remain protected under international law regardless of affiliation. 

Deliberately striking medics performing their humanitarian functions is a serious violation of international humanitarian law and could constitute a war crime.

At the same time, Amnesty International had also documented Hezbollah’s unlawful firing of unguided, inherently inaccurate rockets into civilian-populated areas in northern Israel, killing civilians and damaging civilian homes. Similar to those attributed to Israel, the organization has stated that

Such attacks are indiscriminate and unlawful and must be investigated as war crimes.

Protecting civilians and ensuring accountability

Looking ahead, Amnesty International stressed that the immediate priority must be the protection of civilians. All parties are obligated to strictly adhere to IHL by distinguishing between civilians and military objectives, categorically avoiding direct attacks on civilians, refraining from indiscriminate or disproportionate strikes, and taking all feasible precautions to minimize harm. This includes limiting the use of explosive weapons with wide-area effects in urban settings.

Failure to uphold these obligations constitutes a serious violation of international law and places civilian lives in imminent danger.

However, Amnesty underscored that protection alone is insufficient without accountability. It called on the international community to intensify efforts to investigate and prosecute reported violations through domestic, universal, or other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction to investigate and, where appropriate, prosecute crimes under international law.

The organization also urged Lebanese authorities to enable jurisdiction for the International Criminal Court (ICC) over Rome Statute crimes committed on their territory and initiate credible domestic investigations into crimes under international law.

Ensuring accountability means not only prosecuting suspected perpetrators but also securing effective remedy for victims and taking meaningful steps to guarantee non-repetition.

In addition, Amnesty called for an immediate suspension of arms transfers to Israel, citing the clear risk of their use in further violations. Ultimately, it argued that accountability is essential not only for justice but also to deter future breaches and uphold the integrity of international law.

To conclude, the events that unfolded in the immediate aftermath of the US-Iran ceasefire underscore a stark reality: while geopolitical agreements may pause conflicts between states, they do not necessarily translate into safety for those on the ground. In Lebanon, civilians once again found themselves at the center of a war they neither initiated nor controlled, bearing the heaviest consequences of decisions made far beyond their reach. Without concrete measures to protect civilians and ensure justice for violations, such cycles of violence are likely to persist. For Lebanon, the question is no longer only about survival in the present, but whether meaningful safeguards can be established to prevent future tragedies from unfolding in the same devastating way.