What’s behind Lebanon’s unusual flu surge?

Lebanon is currently experiencing a wave of seasonal influenza marked by faster spread and more severe symptoms than in previous years, according to the Ministry of Public Health. Health authorities have identified the dominant circulating strain as influenza A (H3N2), a well-known virus that has undergone a mutation this season.

The ministry stressed that H3N2 is not a new or emerging virus, countering circulating rumors. The strain has been known for many years, but scientific data indicate that its current mutation has made it more contagious and, in some cases, more severe. Influenza viruses are known to mutate annually, and some seasons result in higher transmission rates or stronger symptoms than others.

This year’s H3N2 strain has spread widely across Europe, North America, Asia, and parts of the Middle East, including Lebanon. The rise in cases has coincided with colder weather and the holiday season, when increased social gatherings and close contact accelerate transmission. Health authorities also note that the virus can spread before symptoms appear, making containment more challenging.

Who is most at risk

While most healthy individuals recover without complications, influenza remains a highly contagious respiratory disease that can lead to serious health issues for vulnerable groups. These include:

- The elderly

- Children

- Pregnant women

- People with chronic illnesses

- Individuals with weakened immune systems

- The ministry urged the public to take special care to protect these groups, warning that complications can include severe respiratory distress and hospitalization.

Symptoms and prevention

Common symptoms of the H3N2 strain include a runny nose, cough, fatigue, headache, fever, loss of appetite, and in some cases, shortness of breath. Rapid influenza tests can confirm infection, while PCR testing is more accurate in identifying the specific virus subtype.

The Ministry of Public Health emphasized that vaccination remains one of the most effective tools to reduce the severity of illness and the risk of hospitalization, even if it does not fully prevent infection. Vaccines currently available cover the circulating variants and significantly lower the risk of severe outcomes.

Citizens were urged to follow basic preventive measures, including:

- Frequent handwashing and good hygiene practices

- Covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, using disposable tissues

- Wearing masks in enclosed spaces, especially at the first appearance of symptoms

- Avoiding crowds and gatherings if feeling unwell

- Consulting a doctor, if symptoms are unusual or worsen

- Getting vaccinated

No cause for panic, but caution advised

Health authorities stressed that there is no reason for panic but emphasized that vigilance is essential during the current flu season. By following preventive guidelines and prioritizing vaccination, individuals can help protect themselves, their families, and the wider community.

As the flu wave continues, the ministry called for collective responsibility to limit transmission and reduce pressure on Lebanon’s healthcare system during the winter months.